Individual productivity and yield of common beans depending on technological methods of cultivation

Purpose. To determine the influence of the method of sowing and the quantitative placement of plants on the area on the formation of individual productivity and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris l. varieties. Methods. General scientific methods: hypothesis, experiment, observation and data analysis. Field research, measurement and weighting, and mathematical and statistical methods were used. Results. An increase in the density of sowing, due to the growth of competitive relationships between plants for life factors, regardless of the variety and sowing method, led to a decrease in the mass and number of seeds from one plant and the number of beans on it, as well as the mass of 1000 seeds. The maximum number of beans (13.9-14.6 pcs/plant) noted in the Bilosnizhka cultivar with wide-row sowing and a sowing density of 400-500 thousand pcs/ha. The specified variants provided the highest structural parameters of the crop and individual plant productivity: the number of seeds – 59.4-64.7 pcs/plant, the mass of 1000 seeds – 223-230 g, the mass of seeds per plant – 13.3- 14.9 g. Together with the sowing methods, the highest seed productivity was provided by the 600 thousand/ha plant density – 2.33-3.24 t/ha, and with a row spacing of 45 cm, the yield was 0.39-0.49 t/ha higher. The maximum seed productivity of Phaseolus vulgaris l. – at the level of 3.24 t/ha – was in the Bilosnizhka variety. Conclusions. The best parameters of the yield structure were observed in the Bilosnizhka variety in the variant of the wide-row sowing method (45 cm) and plant density of 400-500 thousand pcs/ha: the number of seeds – 59.4-64.7 pcs/plant, the mass of 1000 seeds – 223-230 g, the mass of seeds per plant – 13.3-14.9 g, the number of beans – 13.9-14.6 pcs/plant. The maximum seed productivity (2.72-3.24 t/ha) was provided by the sowing in 45 cm wide rows with a seeding density of 600 thousand pcs/ha. In all variants of the experiment, the highest seed yield was formed by the Bilosnizhka bean variety – 3.24 t/ha.