Ontology Modelling of Smart Product-Service System Components towards Mass Personalization

Customer products have become increasingly driven by mass personalization as industries are shifting to knowledge-driven user-centric design approaches such as Smart Product-Service Systems (Smart PSS) to better meet expectations and remain competitive. However current user-centric design methods lack a semantic framework that properly models the components of a Smart PSS, leading to a lack in the usefulness of the knowledge generated from user research. This paper aims to create an ontological model that defines the components of a Smart PSS and their relationships to help enterprises better support dynamic personalization requirements. A case-study of electric vehicles is then presented to explore the usage of the ontologybased knowledge model on a Smart PSS.