Demonstration of Pre-Determined ECONAT Organic Liquid Fertilizers on Tef Production in Bora District of East Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

The use of organic fertilizers aligns with sustainable agricultural practices, promoting soil health and reducing dependency on chemical inputs, which can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. The study conducted a pre-extension demonstration and evaluation of pre-determined ECONAT organic liquid fertilizers compared to combination of recommendation NP and econat 3.2 lit/ha over sole recommended in various locations. The trail was implemented in Bora district. On-farmers field, the overall mean yield 1129 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> and 1124 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> were obtained from recommended NP and combination of recommendation NP and econat 3.2 lit/ha; respectively. Moreover, sole recommended econat and controls gave the lowest yield. The mean yields of the four applied treatments were summarized as follows. Which showed that, combination of recommendation NP and econat 3.2 lit/ha is stable and showed good performance across locations in the study area. Mini farmers' field days further engaged stakeholders, with participants expressing appreciation for the demonstrated recommendations' positive impact on multiple yield-related traits. Based on the comprehensive evaluation and positive feedback from farmers and stakeholders, it is recommended to promote and adopt combination of recommendation NP and econat 3.2 lit/ha over sole recommended econat. The demonstrated and evaluation consistently delivered with the observation of higher yields and exhibited desirable traits crucial for successful crop cultivation. Further extension programs and awareness campaigns could enhance the adoption of this technology among farmers, contributing to increased agricultural productivity and overall farm sustainability. In conclusion, combination of recommendation NP and econat 3.2 lit/ha demonstrated superior performance in terms of yield. To capitalize on this success, incorporating targeted awareness programs, training sessions, and collaboration with agricultural experts. This approach aims to facilitate a widespread shift towards adopting combination of recommendation NP and econat at 3.2 lit/ha among farmers, thereby optimizing crop outcomes and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in the study area.