Chemical Profiling, In-vitro and Computational analysis of the Ethanol Extract of Mangifera indica Bark in the search for new antidiabetic agents

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge requiring novel therapeutic agents. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes is a key strategy for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia. While synthetic inhibitors exist, their adverse effects necessitate safer alternatives. This study evaluates the chemical composition and antidiabetic potential of Mangifera indica bark extract through in vitro and computational analyses. Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify phytochemicals in the extract. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were assessed using enzyme inhibition assays, with IC50 values determined. Molecular docking studies were conducted using AutoDock Vina to evaluate the binding affinity of key phytoconstituents, and pharmacokinetic properties were analyzed using SwissADME. Results: HPLC and GC-MS identified gallic acid (0.58 g/g) and Mangiferin (0.03 g/g) as major bioactive compounds. The extract exhibited strong α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 16.11 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 6.96 µg/mL), outperforming Acarbose. Molecular docking revealed Mangiferin as the primary bioactive compound, with binding affinities of -9.1 kcal/mol and -7.8 kcal/mol for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. ADME analysis indicated favorable pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties. Conclusion: Mangifera indica bark extract demonstrated potent antidiabetic activity through enzyme inhibition, with Mangiferin identified as a promising lead compound. These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for diabetes management, warranting further pharmacological and clinical investigations.