Sharding Blockchain Model to Reduce The Costs of Presidential Elections In Indonesia Base on Blockchain Technology

Presidential elections in Indonesia are held every five years as part of political and democratic activities to elect Indonesia's future leaders. Currently, the presidential election process is supported by a conventional information system that collects vote count results per region and accumulates them in stages at the national level. The data and information produced by this system are at high risk of being manipulated. Several cases in the 2024 Indonesian presidential election show a lot of fraud by manipulating the vote count results. Several studies propose the use of a system based on blockchain technology to increase transparency and security in collecting vote count results in the presidential election in Indonesia. However, the vast territory of Indonesia, spread over several islands with hundreds of millions of voters, makes blockchain technology inefficient for presidential elections in Indonesia. Thus, the problem statement of this research is how the concept of blockchain sharding can increase the efficiency of applying blockchain technology to presidential elections in Indonesia. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review regarding blockchain technology-based systems to support presidential elections in Indonesia and the concept of blockchain sharding. The research output is a blockchain sharding adoption model to increase the efficiency of adopting blockchain technology for the presidential election in Indonesia. The paper also includes simulations with the Hyperledger.