Does Increasing Takeover Time Budget Improve Driver Takeover Performance in Different Hazard Visibility Scenarios?

Autonomous driving technology has the potential to significantly reduce the number of traffic accidents. However, until full automation is achieved, drivers will still need to take over the vehicle in complex and varied scenarios that the autonomous driving system cannot handle. Therefore, optimal takeover time budget is required to enhance takeover performance and driving safety. This paper designs takeover tasks in different hazard visibility scenarios (obvious hazard scenarios, hidden hazard scenarios) and investigates the effect of different takeover time budgets ($5 \mathrm{~s}, 7 \mathrm{~s}$, and 9 s) on takeover performance through ergonomics experiments. Performance analysis and subjective evaluation methods are further used to analyze the data on driver takeover performance under different hazard scenarios and takeover time budgets.