Integrating Digital Product Passports in Multi-Level Supply Chain for enabling Horizontal and Vertical Integration in the Circular Economy

Digital Product Passports (DPP) offer an attractive route for research and development due to their integration across numerous industries. DPP presents a new angle on transparency and has the potential to improve compliance and sustainability in a variety of supply chains. This paper has conducted a comprehensive literature review about the historical aspects of DPP, its role in European sustainability goals and implementation requirements. The paper has developed a DPP enabled model for vertical and horizontal data integration of lithium-ion batteries across multi-level supply chains for electric vehicle supply chain. Moreover, the paper investigates the DPP realization for improving cooperation and smooth information exchange between producers, suppliers, retailers, and customers, hence supporting the fundamentals of a circular economy model. By shedding light on the supply chain’s vertical and horizontal facets, this model emphasises the critical role that data and technology integration play in achieving the objectives of DPP adoption. By include energy tracking during the consumption phase and covering the entire lifecycle from raw material procurement to end-of-life disposal, this model highlights the significance of a comprehensive and cooperative approach among stakeholders.