Optical time-lapsed in situ mechanochemical studies on metal halide perovskite systems
Metal halide perovskites are attractive for optoelectronic applications, but the existing solution-based synthetic methods rely on hazardous solvents and lack reproducibility. To overcome these challenges, solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of perovskites can be conducted, although traditional opaque ball milling equipment hinder real-time monitoring of the reaction progress. Herein, mechanochemistry was performed with time-lapsed in situ (TLIS) measurements to elucidate the optical properties during the synthesis. The TLIS spectrometer enabled real-time observation of the impact of varying the compositions on the absorption properties of formamidinium/methylammonium lead iodide (FA<sub>x</sub>MA<sub>1-x</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>, x = 0 to 1) and facilitated optimization of the synthesis duration. Moreover, we can accelerate the evaluation and directly observe the effects of different synthetic strategies for enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield and stability of the perovskites, providing near-infrared (NIR) emitting tin-based perovskites FASnI<sub>z</sub>Br<sub>3-z</sub> (where z = 0 to 3) with core-shell structures. Intriguingly, halide ion migration was deduced in lead-free double perovskites Cs<sub>2</sub>Na<sub>y</sub>Ag<sub>1-y</sub>BiCl<sub>6</sub> (y = 0 to 1.0) at room temperature during aging after mechanochemical activation. Our work provides insights into the mechanochemistry of compounds with low thermodynamic barriers.
Authors
- Tze Chien Sum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-2719)
- Felipe Garcı́a (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-3611)
- Chenfei Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-4620)
- Vikash Kumar Ravi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1708-1711)
- Wei Xin Chan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5721-8591)
- John V. Hanna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-3932)
- Handong Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7103)
- Yee‐Fun Lim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8276-2364)
- Xin Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-1014)
- Zhenpeng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-4622)
- Xiuwen Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7449-9380)
- Mansour Sadek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9152-7982)
- Yonghao Xiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7290-9163)
- Han Sen Soo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-2313)
- DAVID G. BRADLEY (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-8449)
- Ying Hern Tam
- Xiaotao Wang
- Zhuoying Tan
- Lian Xiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-5613)
- Xinwen Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2822-9446)
- Seow Chin Low
- Poh Boon Phua
Institutions
- Yuncheng University (CN)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- University of Macau (MO)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Monash University (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-02-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56571-w
- Citations
- 11
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 8.03
Funders
- Advantage West Midlands
- University of Warwick
- National Research Foundation
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- Ministry of Education - Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University
- Monash University
- Ministry of Education, India
- Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Research Council
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- European Regional Development Fund