Women Political Empowerment in Pakistan: A Study of Post-Musharraf Era (2008-2024)

Women constitute 49.6% of Pakistan's total population, yet their representation in local, provincial, and federal governments remains disproportionately low. This study examines the factors contributing to this underrepresentation, focusing on cultural, social, economic, and religious barriers. As an Islamic state, Pakistan often perpetuates the notion that women should not actively participate in governance, further restricting their political involvement. Using a mixed-methods research approach that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study explores these hindrances in detail and provides actionable solutions to address them. The research is based on both primary and secondary data sources, offering a comprehensive analysis of the issue. By identifying the root causes and proposing practical strategies, this study contributes to understanding and promoting women’s political empowerment in Pakistan during the post-Musharraf era (2008–2024).