Flexible OLED Performance Enhancement: The Impact of Ag NWs: Ag NPs Electrode-Integrated MoO_<i>X</i> QDs Hole-Injection Layer

The growing interest in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has largely been attributed to significant performance enhancements achieved with molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃). This study aims to achieve the integration of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) and hole-injection layers (HILs) through the use of a codoped system comprised of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), as well as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) and molybdenum oxide quantum dots (QDs). The primary objective of this proposed technique is to use a MoO₃ QD as part of a flexible electrode, reducing the step of HIL deposition in the traditional device preparation process, thereby simplifying the fabrication of flexible devices. MoO₃ was reduced to MoO_<i>X</i>, which offered an alternative pathway for hole injection to increase carrier mobility, thereby further enhancing flexible device performance. The luminance of the prepared flexible OLEDs remained at 90% of their original level, even after undergoing 500 bending tests. These findings indicate the fabricated FTEs, integrated into this system with HILs, exhibited excellent optoelectronic performance and high mechanical stability. Moreover, the structure of the flexible device with higher performance was optimized by reducing the HIL deposition process compared to traditional devices.