Fractional belonging: The experience of Bulgarian and Zimbabwean migrants living in Australia

Abstract This article outlines a phenomenon that emerged from a research project investigating meanings of ‘home’ and ‘belonging’, and how these shape the later-life plans among Bulgarian and Zimbabwean immigrants living in Australia. The study involved thirty-one adult participants, evenly divided between the two groups, and used a qualitative approach. Interviews were analysed through autoethnographic and phenomenological lenses, allowing for an in-depth exploration of participants’ experiences. A key finding is that while many participants felt ‘at home’ in certain social, cultural, or professional contexts, their sense of belonging was not universal or consistent across all areas of their lives. They also experienced ‘unbelonging’ in certain social or situational contexts. The term ‘fractional belonging’ was introduced to describe this fragmented, complex connection to a place. The article situates these findings within existing theories on belonging, social behaviour, and discourse, aiming to enrich the literature on migrant experiences. By highlighting the multifaceted and sometimes contradictory ways in which immigrant groups experience belonging, the article advocates for more nuanced and culturally responsive approaches in social and community work with migrant populations. Such approaches would foster empathy and compassion—qualities that are vital for effectively engaging with migrant populations and supporting their successful integration.