Comparison of Efficacy, Haemodynamic and Oxygen Saturation Variability by Using 4% Articaine Hydrochloride and 2% Lignocaine Hydrochloride During Periodontal Flap Surgery: A Double-blind, Split-mouth and Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction: Periodontitis is a progressive oral disease that can lead to tooth loss and systemic health issues. Periodontal flap surgery is an essential treatment for advanced periodontitis. Effective pain control during surgery is crucial and often achieved through local anaesthesia. This study compares the efficacy, haemodynamic changes and oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) variability between 4% articaine hydrochloride and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. The study compares the efficacy, haemodynamic effects and SpO 2 changes between 4% articaine hydrochloride and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride during periodontal flap surgery. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, split-mouth, randomised controlled trial involved 22 patients with bilateral symmetrical sites requiring periodontal flap surgery. Each patient received both anaesthetics in separate sittings. The onset of anaesthesia, pain perception using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), haemodynamic changes (blood pressure and heart rate) and SpO 2 variability were recorded and analysed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the onset of anaesthesia between the two groups. The VAS scores were significantly lower in the articaine group, indicating better pain management. Haemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure changes and SpO 2 variability showed no significant differences between the groups, except for pulse rates, which were higher in the lignocaine group. Conclusion: Both anaesthetics are effective for periodontal flap surgery, but articaine hydrochloride offers advantages in pain management and pulse rate stability. Individualised consideration for optimal anaesthesia selection is recommended based on patient preferences and clinical circumstances.