Advances in research on the impact of exosomal miRNAs on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy, and its liver metastasis is a key factor leading to patient death. Research has shown that exosomal microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role as a mediator of communication between tumor cells and other cells in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. It also plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of CRC liver metastasis (CRC-LM). This article reviews the biological functions of exosomal miRNA and explores its significant involvement in the mechanism of CRC-LM. It also focuses on the latest progress of extracellular vesicle miRNA in the study of CRC-LM, providing new ideas and methods for future treatments.