The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). VII. The 20–214 μm Imaging Atlas of Active Galactic Nuclei Using SOFIA

Abstract We present a 19.7–214 μ m imaging atlas of local (4–181 Mpc; median 43 Mpc) active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with FORCAST and HAWC+ on board the SOFIA telescope with angular resolutions ~3 ″ –20 ″ . This atlas comprises 22 Seyferts (17 Type 2 and five Type 1) with a total of 69 images, 41 of which have not been previously published. The AGN span a range of luminosities of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>bol</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>erg</mml:mi> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>42</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>46</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:math> with a median of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">bol</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">erg</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>44.1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> . We provide the total fluxes of our sample using aperture photometry for point-source objects and a 2D Gaussian fitting for objects with extended host galaxy emission, which was used to estimate the unresolved nuclear component. Most galaxies in our sample are pointlike sources; however, four sources (Centaurus A, Circinus, NGC 1068, and NGC 4388) show extended emission in all wavelengths. The 30–40 μ m extended emission in NGC 4388 is coincident with the narrow-line region at PA ~ 50°, while the dusty extension at longer wavelengths arises from the host galaxy at PA ~ 90°. Our new observations allow us to construct the best-sampled parsec-scales (spectral energy distributions, SEDs) available between 30 and 500 μ m for a sample of nearby AGN. We estimate that the average peak wavelength of the nuclear SEDs is ~40 μ m in νF ν , which we associate with an unresolved extended dusty region heated by the AGN.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Published
2025-02-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad9907
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.31

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article

The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). VII. The 20–214 μm Imaging Atlas of Active Galactic Nuclei Using SOFIA

Takuma Izumi, Lindsay Fuller, S. Hoenig, D. J. Rosario et al.
2 citations
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
2.31
article

The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). VII. The 20–214 μm Imaging Atlas of Active Galactic Nuclei Using SOFIA

Takuma Izumi, Lindsay Fuller, S. Hoenig, D. J. Rosario, C. Packham, I. García-Bernete, Cláudio Ricci, A. Alonso‐Herrero, C. Ramos Almeida, Alvaro Labiano, N. A. Levenson, E. K. S. Hicks, R. Davies, M. J. Ward, Daniel Rouan, Lulu Zhang, Masatoshi Imanishi, Thomas Shimizu, D. Rigopoulou, Françoise Combes, Enrique López-Rodríguez, M. Pereira-Santaella, Marko Stalevski, E. Bellocchi, O. González-Martín, Mason Leist
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Abstract We present a 19.7–214 μ m imaging atlas of local (4–181 Mpc; median 43 Mpc) active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with FORCAST and HAWC+ on board the SOFIA telescope with angular resolutions ~3 ″ –20 ″ . This atlas comprises 22 Seyferts (17 Type 2 and five Type 1) with a total of 69 images, 41 of which have not been previously published. The AGN span a range of luminosities of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>bol</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>erg</mml:mi> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>42</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>46</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:math> with a median of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">bol</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">erg</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>44.1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> . We provide the total fluxes of our sample using aperture photometry for point-source objects and a 2D Gaussian fitting for objects with extended host galaxy emission, which was used to estimate the unresolved nuclear component. Most galaxies in our sample are pointlike sources; however, four sources (Centaurus A, Circinus, NGC 1068, and NGC 4388) show extended emission in all wavelengths. The 30–40 μ m extended emission in NGC 4388 is coincident with the narrow-line region at PA ~ 50°, while the dusty extension at longer wavelengths arises from the host galaxy at PA ~ 90°. Our new observations allow us to construct the best-sampled parsec-scales (spectral energy distributions, SEDs) available between 30 and 500 μ m for a sample of nearby AGN. We estimate that the average peak wavelength of the nuclear SEDs is ~40 μ m in νF ν , which we associate with an unresolved extended dusty region heated by the AGN.

The Astrophysical Journal Supplement SeriesVol. 276(2)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Universities Space Research Association, Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, Universität Stuttgart, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Astrophysics Division
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
2.31
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