The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). VII. The 20–214 μm Imaging Atlas of Active Galactic Nuclei Using SOFIA
Abstract We present a 19.7–214 μ m imaging atlas of local (4–181 Mpc; median 43 Mpc) active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with FORCAST and HAWC+ on board the SOFIA telescope with angular resolutions ~3 ″ –20 ″ . This atlas comprises 22 Seyferts (17 Type 2 and five Type 1) with a total of 69 images, 41 of which have not been previously published. The AGN span a range of luminosities of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>bol</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>erg</mml:mi> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>42</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>46</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:math> with a median of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">log</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">bol</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">erg</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>44.1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> . We provide the total fluxes of our sample using aperture photometry for point-source objects and a 2D Gaussian fitting for objects with extended host galaxy emission, which was used to estimate the unresolved nuclear component. Most galaxies in our sample are pointlike sources; however, four sources (Centaurus A, Circinus, NGC 1068, and NGC 4388) show extended emission in all wavelengths. The 30–40 μ m extended emission in NGC 4388 is coincident with the narrow-line region at PA ~ 50°, while the dusty extension at longer wavelengths arises from the host galaxy at PA ~ 90°. Our new observations allow us to construct the best-sampled parsec-scales (spectral energy distributions, SEDs) available between 30 and 500 μ m for a sample of nearby AGN. We estimate that the average peak wavelength of the nuclear SEDs is ~40 μ m in νF ν , which we associate with an unresolved extended dusty region heated by the AGN.
Authors
- Takuma Izumi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-0813)
- Lindsay Fuller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-6147)
- S. Hoenig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-1111)
- D. J. Rosario (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-3587)
- C. Packham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-5758)
- I. García-Bernete (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-5281)
- Cláudio Ricci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-2645)
- A. Alonso‐Herrero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-2519)
- C. Ramos Almeida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-649X)
- Alvaro Labiano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0690-8824)
- N. A. Levenson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-639X)
- E. K. S. Hicks (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4457-5733)
- R. Davies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4949-7217)
- M. J. Ward (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1810-0889)
- Daniel Rouan
- Lulu Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-9077)
- Masatoshi Imanishi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-8792)
- Thomas Shimizu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-4670)
- D. Rigopoulou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-7545)
- Françoise Combes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2658-7893)
- Enrique López-Rodríguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-6538)
- M. Pereira-Santaella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4005-9619)
- Marko Stalevski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-8330)
- E. Bellocchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-4228)
- O. González-Martín (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-8358)
- Mason Leist (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-2046)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
- Published
- 2025-02-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad9907
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.31
Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Universities Space Research Association
- Nuclear Safety and Security Commission
- Universität Stuttgart
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Astrophysics Division