Optimized MoS2-V2O5 nanocomposites: Unveiling superior structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties for advanced energy storage applications

Among the latest advancements in supercapacitor electrode materials , composite materials derived from transition metals and dichalcogenides have gained significant popularity. Their appeal stems from their electronic conductivity , multiple oxidation states, extensive surface area, and porous structure . This study investigates the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of MoS 2 -V 2 O 5 nanocomposites that were synthesized via a hydrothermal method with varying MoS 2 concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the orthorhombic crystalline structure of V 2 O 5 and the hexagonal structure of MoS 2 , with an observed random stacking of MoS 2 layers affecting crystallinity . Raman spectroscopy further supported these structural findings. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) indicated distinct morphological alterations with varying MoS 2 ratios, indicating increased porosity at higher MoS 2 concentrations. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area study demonstrated that the specific surface area varied with MoS₂ content, influencing pore size and volume. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that the 1:4 MoS 2 -V 2 O 5 composite exhibited the best electrochemical performance, with the lowest resistance and highest specific capacitance . These findings suggest that the optimized MoS 2 -V 2 O 5 nanocomposite is suitable for energy storage applications because of its enhanced specific surface area, porosity, and electrochemical properties. • XRD confirmed the orthorhombic structure of V₂O₅ and hexagonal structure of MoS₂, with FESEM revealing increased porosity and random stacking of MoS₂. • BET analysis showed that higher MoS₂ content significantly increased the specific surface area, improving pore size and volume. • The 1:4 MoS₂-V₂O₅ composite exhibited the lowest resistance, highest specific capacitance (123.1 F/g at 0.1 A/g), and improved charge transport kinetics. • With a phase angle of 84.4° and the longest discharge time, the 1:4 composite demonstrated highly efficient supercapacitor performance, providing stable and reliable energy output. • The composite retained over 80 % of its initial capacity after 5000 cycles, highlighting its long-term stability and potential for energy storage applications.