Genetic aspects of celiac disease

Today, among chronic immune-mediated systemic diseases, celiac disease, or gluten enteropathy, occupies one of the leading places in terms of the degree of study and development in gastroenterology and therapy. Despite these facts, celiac disease is of interest from the point of view of scientific research, as a direct correlation between the disease and the genetically determined component has been proven, research in the direction of which promises doctors to find preventive points of impact in combination with knowledge of immunobiology and genetics. The purpose of this literary review is to analyze current literary data on this topic. Materials and methods. Modern scientific articles published in the period from 2019 to 2024 were collected and analyzed. Information was searched in the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Elibrary, Global Health, CyberLeninka. Results. The presence of HLA risk alleles is a necessary, but not the only genetic factor for development. HLA typing has great predictive value, and the absence of HLA-DQ2/-DQ8 excludes the presence of celiac disease in those predisposed to it. Additional non-HLA genomic loci identified as associated with celiac disease probably explain the additional 32% of genetic heritability. Speaking in general terms, the presence of gluten in the diet is a necessary factor. At the same time, celiac disease does not develop without gluten, even if there is a genetic predisposition. Discussion. The PubMed biomedical knowledge search engine, at the beginning of August 2024, contains 10 111 publications on gluten enteropathy over the previous ten years, and 4804 in Elibrary. An analysis of the topics of articles in recent years suggests that the main focus is on the genetic and immunobiological aspects of the disease in the age aspect, aimed at a greater.