Hardware-in-the-Loop testing for low-inertia grids

Abstract Extensive testing of various control algorithms using comprehensive testing frameworks enables us to assess their effectiveness in managing system dynamics and maintaining grid stability. In order to validate the algorithms in the real world, testing of the developed applications in an empirical laboratory environment is essential and the testing parameters in the laboratory have to closely resemble real-world conditions. The fundamental aspect of such testing is to monitor and analyze the dynamics and interaction between the various components in synchronous mode, thereby assessing the system’s ability to operate the grid without violations. The experimental test setup and script-based testing explained in this paper helps to develop innovative control algorithms, with a key focus on medium voltage and low voltage grids with low rotating masses. The test platform makes extended use of a Typhoon Real-Time Simulator (RTS). Firstly, it is used for the simulation of the distributed energy resources and the overlying distribution grid as well as the implementation of control algorithms. Secondly, the RTS acts as a control and SCADA system for the whole testing platform. While the physical components provide measurements in regular intervals, the control algorithms and the energy management system are implemented directly in the Typhoon platform. The data acquisition is performed either via programmable logic controllers for the nodal measurements or through faster measurements such as current transformers. This ensures that the developed algorithms are empirically tested and optimized in close to real-world conditions. The control algorithms provide the set points for the individual components, and the results show the advantages of script-based testing in HIL testing to ensure deterministic and reliable operation of innovative grid components.