Direct Electrochemical Conversion of CO₂ from Industrial Flue Gases

Electrochemical CO₂ conversion to high-value chemicals and fuels has been extensively investigated as a promising carbon-neutrality technology. To date, most studies are generally performed with pure or highly concentrated CO₂ feeds, however, the composition of industrial flue gases is very complex, with a low CO₂ concentration and impurities like O₂, CO, NO_x, and SO_x. Direct utilization of industrial flue gases can bypass the capture and purification steps, yet it suffers from multiple challenges. In this Concept article, we discuss scientific challenges and innovation strategies towards direct electrochemical conversion of CO₂ from industrial flue gases. Selected examples on rationally designing catalytic materials and electrode structures for promoting electrochemical reduction of CO₂ in the presence of N₂ and impurity gases are highlighted. We end up the article with perspectives on the research opportunities and future directions in this emerging yet practical field.