Halo formation and emittance growth for an intense sheet beam

In this paper, halo formation and emittance growth caused by an initial envelope mismatch on high-intensity sheet beams are investigated. An estimate for the maximum energy that a halo particle can achieve is obtained using a nonlinear Hamiltonian approach. Based on a kinetic description of the beam, a theoretical framework is developed to predict the final stationary state achieved after the envelope oscillations are completely damped. The theory allows for the determination of relevant quantities like the final particle distribution and total emittance growth. The results are compared to self-consistent numerical simulations of the sheet beam.