Antiprotons and Elementary Particles over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
We present results over an 11-year Solar cycle of cosmic antiprotons based on 1.1×10^{6} events in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV. The p[over ¯] fluxes exhibit distinct properties. The magnitude of the p[over ¯] flux temporal variation is significantly smaller than those of p, e^{-}, and e^{+}. A hysteresis between the p[over ¯] fluxes and the p fluxes is observed, whereas the p[over ¯] and e^{-} fluxes show a linear correlation. With a model-independent analysis, we found a universal relation between the shape of the rigidity spectrum and the magnitude of flux temporal variation over an 11-year Solar cycle for both positively and negatively charged particles. The simultaneous results on p[over ¯] and p, e^{-}, and e^{+} provide unique information for understanding particle transport in the Solar System as a function of mass, charge, and spectral shape.
Authors
- G. R. Chen
- P. von Doetinchem (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7801-3376)
- M. Duranti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-6425)
- R. K. Hashmani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-7615)
- Y. Najafi Jozani
- M. Incagli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-2466)
- Nicola Tomassetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-9299)
- M. Graziani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7570-2048)
- V. V. Mikhailov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-2901)
- G. Ambrosi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6977-9559)
- Alessio Ubaldi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2008-9733)
- D. Maurin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-0606)
- Timothy H. Hsieh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-5697)
- Ilya Usoskin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8227-9081)
- Samuel C.C. Ting (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7831-7460)
- D. Pridöhl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-9217)
- R. Z. Sagdeev
- G. Silvestre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8613-3343)
- D. M. Gómez-Coral
- R. Battiston (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-7239)
- A. Eline
- M. Zuberi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-7936)
- A. Oliva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-6170)
- S. C. Lee
- A. Shukla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-7229)
- Dario Pelosi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-9302)
- B. W. Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3939-1154)
- M. Vecchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-6029)
- D. Rozza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-6353)
- C. Delgado Mendez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7014-4101)
- M. Li
- Z. T. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-7940)
- Z. H. Qu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4695-4856)
- J. H. Zhang
- B. Demirköz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7171-5976)
- J. Ocampo-Peleteiro
- H.L. Zhuang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3804-787X)
- Zhibin Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-2287)
- G. Laurenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-7246)
- P. Väisänen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-4850)
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- Fulvio D’Angelo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-4693)
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Institutions
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University of Hawaii System (US)
- Shandong University (CN)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology (TW)
- University of Trento (IT)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Middle East Technical University (TR)
- National Central University (TW)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (PT)
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (IT)
- Ernst Ruska Centre (DE)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica (TW)
- East–West Center (US)
- Southeast University (BD)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics And Applications (IT)
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica (TW)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Roma Tor Vergata (IT)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (CN)
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES)
- Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT)
- Johnson Space Center (US)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT)
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (CN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (IT)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES)
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology
- Institut des langues et cultures d'Europe, Amérique, Afrique, Asie et Australie (FR)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH)
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc (FR)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Southeast University (CN)
- Beihang University (CN)
- Academia Sinica (TW)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- University of Oulu (FI)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical Review Letters
- Published
- 2025-02-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.051002
- Citations
- 14
- Primary Topic
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 26.18
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Shandong University
- CERN
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
- Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Academia Sinica
- Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial
- Academy of Finland
- Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
- Government of Guangdong Province
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
- Government of Jiangsu Province
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- China Scholarship Council
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- RWTH Aachen University
- National Cheng Kung University
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
- Marshall Space Flight Center
- Johnson Space Center
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- European Regional Development Fund
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
- Government of Shandong Province