Synthesis of Luminescent Mn²⁺ and Sb³⁺ Doped Chloride Double Perovskites: An Adaptable, Inquiry-Based Experiment for Short Laboratory Sessions

Mn2+ and Sb3+ doped Cs2NaB′Cl6 (B′ = Bi3+ and In3+) double perovskites are prepared via a solution-based synthesis method. Certain Sb3+ doped samples exhibit a vivid blue emission, while the Mn2+ doped samples emit a less intense red-orange light under UV illumination. Characterization of these compounds is accomplished by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and photoluminescence measurements. The synthesized perovskite materials possess a cubic structure, making them ideal specimens for students who are new to solid-state structures. Students utilize computer-based visualization to examine the 3D halide double perovskite structure and determine unit cell dimensions of the synthesized materials through powder X-ray diffraction data. Additionally, students can investigate the photoluminescent properties using a hand-held UV lamp and a fluorometer. The experiments offer adaptability to fit various laboratory schedules and cater to students with diverse skill levels. Each part of the experiment is structured to be finished within one to two 3 h laboratory sessions. This adaptable and inquiry-focused lab framework offers educators a versatile and effective teaching tool to enhance students’ understanding of solid-state structures and their luminescent properties, making it a valuable addition to undergraduate inorganic chemistry courses.