Systematic investigation of boerhavia elegans seed phytochemicals: An extensive LC-MS and GC–MS Analysis

Boerhavia elegans , a species of the Nyctaginaceae family native to southern Yemen, has long been valued in traditional Yemeni cuisine. Its seeds, known as Alhydwan, are widely used in various dishes and as a food supplement. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemicals present in Boerhavia elegans extracts using advanced analytical techniques. Methanol extraction followed by silica gel column chromatography fractionation yielded samples for analysis. GC–MS analysis revealed essential bioactive compounds, including butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), n-hexadecanoic acid, stearic acid, and flavonoid O-glycosides. LC-MS analysis identified crucial vitamins such as B6, B2, B5, and the biotin precursor dethiobiotin. Additionally, the seeds were found to contain approximately 14 types of amino acids. This comprehensive phytochemical profile provides valuable insights into the potential nutritional and medicinal applications of B. elegans seeds. The findings lay a foundation for future research on their health-promoting properties and possible integration into functional foods or nutraceuticals, potentially expanding their use beyond traditional Yemeni cuisine.