Probiogenomic analysis of Limosilactobacillus fermentum SD7, a probiotic candidate with remarkable aggregation abilities

<i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> has gained recognition as a probiotic due to its immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we characterized <i>L. fermentum</i> SD7, which was isolated from the human oral cavity. The genome of <i>L. fermentum</i> SD7 was approximately 2.27 Mb in size, with a 51.1 % GC content. Using comprehensive genome analysis, we compared the genome of <i>L. fermentum</i> SD7 with 153 available genome sequences of <i>L. fermentum</i> strains and categorized the 154 strains into six distinct clades based on core gene single nucleotide polymorphisms. Among the 12,598 orthologous proteins, we identified 910 core genes and 10,169 accessory genes. Our analysis revealed a close similarity between <i>L. fermentum</i> SD7, FS-10, and L13. In addition, <i>L. fermentum</i> SD7 genome contains four strain-specific putative CRISPR-associated genes and lacks antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Importantly, we identified 27 genes in <i>L. fermentum</i> SD7 genome that are linked to aggregation ability, which is supported by our probiogenomic analysis. This aggregation ability is considered crucial for the probiotic efficacy of <i>L. fermentum</i> SD7. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic composition of <i>L. fermentum</i> and its potential probiotic properties, identifying <i>L. fermentum</i> SD7 as a promising probiotic candidate for use in the food and healthcare industries.