Kinetics and mechanisms of 4-chloroguaiacol removal by adsorption onto a novel amorphous carbon thin film synthesized from Hamelia patens leaves

This work developed Hamelia patens Jacq leaves (an agricultural waste) as a novel amorphous carbon thin-film (HPL-ACTF) adsorbent, which was successfully employed in removal of 4-chloroguaiacol (4CG) from wastewater. Central composite design was used to optimize batch adsorption performance with the optimal conditions of 139 mg of adsorbent, 285 mg/L of 4CG concentration, and 195 min of adsorption time. The predicted and obtained 4CG removal efficiencies were 97.11 and 98.06 %, respectively. Langmuir isotherm could fit the equilibrium adsorption-data with the maximum adsorption capacity of 276.88 mg/g. Moreover, HPL-ACTF is cost-effective since it could be regenerated up to five times.