The impact of fruit and vegetable intake on healthcare costs and preventive care in older adults: evidence from SHARE data

Abstract Purpose This study aims to investigate the association between daily fruit and vegetable consumption and healthcare utilization among older European adults. Our findings inform policies aimed at optimizing healthcare resource allocation and promoting healthy ageing in Europe's growing elderly population. Methods Leveraging data from the 8th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) conducted in 2019–2020, this cross-sectional analysis examines associations between daily fruit and vegetable intake and hospitalization rates, hospital length of stay, visits to general practitioners, and specialist consultations. Results Our results reveal no significant difference in hospitalization probability between individuals consuming fruits/vegetables daily versus less frequently. However, among hospitalized individuals, daily consumption is associated with fewer hospitalizations and shorter hospital stays. Moreover, daily fruit and vegetable intake is positively associated with increased likelihood of consulting general practitioners and specialists. This association may be indicative of a broader health consciousness and proactive approach to well-being management among individuals who prioritize dietary choices. Conclusion These findings suggest that while fruit and vegetable consumption alone may not prevent hospitalizations in this segment of the population, it is linked to reduced re-hospitalization risk and shorter inpatient durations when hospitalized. Additionally, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables appears to promote greater engagement with preventive primary and speciality care among older European adults. Overall, the study highlights dietary behaviour as a potential factor influencing healthcare utilization and expenditures for ageing populations.