Use of Stacked Proportional Bar Graphs (“Grotta Bars”) in Observational Neurology Research
Studies that presented adjusted associations for functional outcomes commonly showed only unadjusted Grotta bars, which alone have little value for causal questions. In observational research, Grotta bars are most informative if an adjusted version, aligning with adjusted effect estimates, is presented directly alongside the unadjusted version. Based on our findings, we offer recommendations to help authors generate more informative Grotta bars and to facilitate correct interpretation for readers.
Authors
- Meghan R. Forrest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9879-1925)
- Marco Piccininni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-0060)
- Lydia Jones (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-3793)
- Jessica L. Rohmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2420-5716)
- Elena Fischer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6891-7988)
- Tracey L. Weissgerber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7490-2600)
- Emma S. Lieske (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-9104)
- Elena Tamayo Cuartero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3517-7634)
Institutions
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Neurology
- Published
- 2025-02-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000210169
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.29
Funders
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin
- Novartis Pharma