A paisagem sonora do Jardim Botânico da cidade de São Paulo

The concept of soundscape R. Murray Schafer introduced in 1970 includes any field of acoustic study. The soundscape is directly related to the quality of life in municipalities, in which birds are essential. However, Brazil has published few studies on the subject. This study aims to characterize the soundscape of the São Paulo Botanical Garden to assess its naturalness. Monitoring was carried out for 28 days at 24 points throughout the day in the spring and summer from Monday to Sunday. Naturalness was greater during the mornings and in spring due to the contribution of many birds in the reproductive period. Natural sounds were more heterogeneous than anthropogenic ones. The central region has significant naturalness as it lies further away from urban uses and is surrounded by forest environments. In total, seven groups with acoustic similarities were formed and 88 species were identified, mainly birds. It is necessary to understand the sounds of a landscape to assess their naturalness to diagnose problems and implement measures that favor natural sounds in urban green spaces.