Understanding pheasant diversity: A camera trap study at the Lapchi Valley, Central Himalaya, Nepal

The study explored diversity and activity patterns in the Lapchi Valley, Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Central Himalaya, Nepal, through a camera trap survey conducted from 2018 to 2023. Four pheasant species were recorded: the blood pheasant ( Ithaginis cruentus ), Himalayan monal ( Lophophorus impejanus ), kalij pheasant ( Lophura leucomelanos ), and crimson horned pheasant ( Tragopan satyra ). A total of 26 camera traps were installed at elevations ranging from 2200–4700 meters above sea level. The blood pheasant was the most frequently recorded species, with 94 events, while the crimson horned pheasant was observed only once. Activity patterns revealed that all species were diurnal, with distinct activity peaks for each. The study also found moderate temporal overlap (Δ = 0.52) between the Himalayan monal and blood pheasant, indicating coexistence with minimal competition. This research provides crucial baseline data on pheasant diversity in the Gaurishankar Conservation Area, emphasizing the region's importance for conservation.