Recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism due to a gradually increasing intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma in a fifth parathyroid gland of a patient undergoing long-term haemodialysis: Road to evil

This is a rare case of recurrent hyperparathyroidism due to a gradually increasing fifth parathyroid gland in a patient who underwent long-term haemodialysis after parathyroidectomy. We suggest vigilant postoperative monitoring for prompt and early identification of culprit parathyroid lesions, even if the four parathyroid glands have been dissected.