Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Algeria, Turkey, and Kenya: A Comparative Analysis of Issues and Challenges

This study presents a comparative analysis of the innovation landscapes within Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) across Algeria, Turkey, and Kenya. While SMEs play a key role in driving economic growth and development in emerging economies, their ability to innovate is often limited by various challenges and constraints. Through an overview approach, this research examines the commonalities and differences in the innovation ecosystems of these three countries, offering light on the unique challenges encountered by SMEs in each environmental context. Drawing upon a qualitative review of secondary data, including government academic literature, and business views, the study identifies key barriers to innovation, such as limited access to funding, regulatory difficulties, and lack of technology infrastructure. Additionally, it explores the enabling factors that contribute to innovation, such as government support initiatives, cooperation networks, and entrepreneurial culture. By providing a comparative perspective, this research aims to reveal valuable insights for policymakers, business leaders, and researchers seeking to foster innovation and entrepreneurship within the SME sector across varied socio-economic circumstances.