Migration Challenges of the 21st Century: Origins, Dynamics, and Impact on Sending and Receiving Nations

In today of technological development and globalisation, the issue of migration is relevant and timely, as opportunities to change the country of residence and work have increased. As a result, migration has increased in recent years, which has sometimes led to a crisis. The study aimed to identify the causes and consequences of international migration for the recipient state, donor, and migrant, as well as to develop recommendations for shifting the balance towards the benefits of international migration and offsetting the negative consequences. To achieve the goal, we used information from open sources United Nations 2019 and World Migration Report 2024, which was processed using Excel, using the methods of quantitative trend and graphical analysis, synthesis, forecasting, grouping, scientific deduction and generalisation. We identified an upward trend in migration with a probability of further growth to 350 million people. We assessed the advantages and disadvantages of international migration in terms of countries of origin and destination and the protection of migrants' rights. We created a list of recommendations based on maintaining a balance in favour of benefits and offsetting negative consequences, including combating illegal migration, stimulating temporary labour migration and controlling the number of migrants. We identified the growth trend in the number of refugees and provided recommendations for their involvement in the recipient country's economy. We studied the structure of the leaders of donor and recipient countries as of 2019 based on United Nations statistics 2019. We assessed the country's decisive features for this level and the migration mechanism.