The Role of Magnetic Resonance Tomography in the Study of Neurophysiological Correlates of Executive Function in Children

Executive functions are a set of higher-order cognitive skills that play a vital role in the children’s daily functioning. One of the most accessible methods for studying brain structure in both normal and pathological conditions is MRI of the brain. This review discusses models and neurophysiological correlates of executive functions, approaches to studying executive functions in children using magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the main conditions that can lead to executive function deficits: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and arterial ischemic strokes. The main focus of the review is on the analysis of foreign approaches.