Strategies to Strengthen the Primary Health Care System for Mitigating Health Inequality in the Community: Korea's Experience as an ODA Recipient Country

Purpose: This study examines South Korea’s experience as an Official Development Assistance (ODA) recipient, focusing on its efforts to strengthen primary health care (PHC) systems to address health disparities. The study aims to provide strategic insights for developing countries to establish sustainable PHC systems based on South Korea’s experience. Originality: This study is distinct in its comprehensive analysis of South Korea's community health projects, particularly focusing on their role in mitigating health disparities during the country's transition from an ODA recipient to a donor. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review of 345 articles, reports, and historical records was conducted. Key cases of PHC initiatives, such as the Ganghwa Community Health Project and the Geoje Community Development Health Project, were analyzed. Result: The study highlights the critical role of international aid, community participation, and government-led integration in developing sustainable PHC systems. South Korea's tailored health services addressed community needs, while ongoing government support ensured the stability of healthcare infrastructure. Conclusions and Implication: South Korea’s experience emphasizes the importance of localizing healthcare services, fostering community involvement, and preparing for independent operation after aid. The findings provide actionable strategies for developing countries to mitigate health disparities and build resilient, equitable healthcare systems.