Sheep Wrestling Competition as Artifact: Bodily Practice and Educational Literacy in Modern China

The sheep wrestling competition, deeply rooted in Xinzhou’s multi-ethnic cultural integration and temple fair traditions, is an artifact of China’s intangible cultural heritage, embodying rich historical, cultural, and social value. This traditional practice, characterized by its performative, competitive, and fitness-oriented nature, has evolved into a unique form of bodily practice and performing art. However, with rapid urbanization, the decline of rural populations, and the rise of modern entertainment, its cultural prominence has diminished, further exacerbated by insufficient mass communication and a lack of public literacy regarding its heritage value. This study explores the historical foundations, technical practices, and cultural significance of sheep wrestling, examining its dual role as both a performing art and an educational medium. The research highlights its potential to foster social identity and cultural literacy through a multidisciplinary approach combining historical analysis, performance theory, and a case study of the Xinzhou Sheep Wrestling Festival. While findings reveal challenges such as inadequate theoretical exploration, declining intergenerational transmission, and limited engagement from younger generations, the study emphasizes the need for innovative inheritance strategies. These include integrating sheep wrestling into educational frameworks, enhancing its visibility through digital media, and modernizing its cultural presentation to align with contemporary societal values. By addressing these challenges, the study underscores the significance of sheep wrestling as a vital cultural artifact and proposes pathways for its sustainable preservation and broader educational impact.