Evaluation of <i>prf A</i> Gene in <i>Listeria monocytogenes </i>Isolated from Dairy

Background: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate Listeria monocytogenes contamination in dairy products from Ardabil, Iran. This foodborne pathogen is known to cause listeriosis, particularly in vulnerable populations such as immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Objectives: This novel study focuses on an extensive analysis of L. monocytogenes. Methods: DNA extraction of the bacteria was performed, followed by amplification and evaluation of the prf A gene in L. monocytogenes to assess its potential for virulence, pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation. Additionally, this study targeted the CFU/mL count and evaluated the antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes against multiple antibiotics, including ampicillin, kanamycin, penicillin G, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cephotaxime, erythromycin, imipenem, and chloramphenicol. Results: The presence of the prf A gene was detected in nearly all samples containing L. monocytogenes, and it was determined to be significantly responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria in listeriosis. Conclusions: Understanding the frequency of virulent strains containing the prf A gene could support the development of improved prognostic models and interventions to prevent future outbreaks.