Multidrug Resistance Profiles of Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens in Duhok City, IRAQ

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major health risk and is linked to a high death rate. The current study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of A. baumannii from various clinical samples in Duhok City, Iraq. A cross-sectional study was done, and A. baumannii was isolated from several clinical samples from Shyrian and VIN Private Hospitals from September 2022 to November 2023. Identification of bacteria and patterns of antibiotic resistance were carried out according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's recommendations. 72 out of 350 A. baumannii were isolated from different clinical samples, including wound scars, sputum, blood, and urine. Most of the isolates, A. baumannii, were isolated as follows: 40.3% were isolated from sputum, 27.8% from surgical wounds, 18.1% from blood, and 13.8% from urine. This study found that antibiogram was significantly resistant among the isolates A. baumannii as follows: the highest resistance was found with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Tobramycin and Tetracycline (100.0%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ceftazidme, and Ceftriaxone (91.7%), Amikacin and Cefepime (87.5%), Meropenem (79.2%), Imipenem and Gentamicin (75.0%), Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(50.0%), colistin and Tigecycline (20.8%). A. baumannii was more sensitive to colistin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (79.2%, 54.2, and 41.7%), respectively. Finally, the percentage of resistotypes/biotypes of isolated A. baumannii; the most resistant was resistotype 2 (25.0%), and the lowest was resistotype 11 (2.7%). The study found that the frequency of isolation of multiple antibiograms of A. baumannii isolates in Duhok City, Iraq.