Multi-omics insights into the dynamic changes of metabolites during the electron beam irradiation of persimmons

This study investigates the effects of electron beam irradiation (EBI) treatment on persimmons and its metabolic regulatory mechanisms. By comprehensively analyzing microstructure, physiology, metabolomics, and proteomics, it was found that EBI treatment causes ultramicroscopic structural changes, cellular membrane damage, and a decrease in tannin cell numbers in persimmons. Physiological results indicate that the activities of enzymes related to membrane lipid metabolism and antioxidant metabolism undergo significant changes. EBI promotes the oxidative reactions of membrane lipids while simultaneously enhancing antioxidant capacity, thereby aiding in the mitigation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Furthermore, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses revealed significant enrichment of lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways, with reprogrammed expression levels of related genes and metabolites. These results demonstrate that ionizing radiation significantly affects the metabolism of persimmons, offering essential theoretical support for a deeper understanding of its role in the deastringency mechanism. • EBI treatment alters persimmon ultrastructure and reduces tannin cells. • Altered lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity inhibit ROS increase. • Omics analyses reveal significant enrichment of lipid and amino acid pathways. • Changes in signal transduction impact the physiological functions of persimmons. • EBI enhances metabolic adaptability, improving persimmon fruit quality.