Vertebral Artery Dissections

Vertebral artery dissections (VADs) are an important potential cause of ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The pathophysiology of VAD involves an intimal tear, leading to intramural hematoma and luminal stenosis, which can subsequently lead to occlusion or rupture of the vessel. Diagnostic challenges stem from the often subtle clinical presentation, typically involving unilateral head and neck pain. Management ranges from antithrombotic therapy to endovascular and surgical interventions, depending on severity. Despite advances in diagnostic imaging and treatment, outcomes vary, underscoring the need for prompt diagnosis and tailored therapeutic approaches.