Pediatric Cancer Epidemiology for 2021–2023 Based on the Cancer Registry of Indonesia’s National Referral Hospital

Objective: This study aimed to present epidemiological data on pediatric cancers based on the hospital-based cancer registry (HBCR) at Indonesia’s National Referral Hospital. Material and Methods: This descriptive study analyzed data on pediatric cancers from the HBCR for 2021–2023. Demographical data, including age, gender, diagnosis, and admission year, were extracted from the HBCR data. Univariate data analysis was conducted. Results: This study included 344 patients, consisting of 202 males and 142 females. Of those patients, 92 (26.7%) were admitted in 2021, 142 (41.3%) in 2022, and 110 (32%) in 2023. The highest cancer incidence was observed in patients aged 2–5 years (34.9%) and the lowest in those aged <2 years (11.9%). The three most common reported cancers were lymphoid leukemia (47.4%), myeloid leukemia (11.6%), and retinoblastoma (9.6%). Conclusion: Males predominated over females due to the substantial prevalence of leukemia cases. Most pediatric cancers were observed in those aged 2–5 years. While the distributions of cancer varied by age and gender, leukemia remained the leading pediatric cancer.