Perspective psycho-développementale des motivations migratoires chez les mineurs non accompagnés (MNA)

Objective : The migration of unaccompanied minors (MNA) is a complex and growing phenomenon that is attracting increasing interest in research. The literature highlights several reasons for the migration of MNA. This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the motivations behind the migratory act of MNA from a psycho-developmental perspective. Method : We conducted a qualitative study using an inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 MNA. Data analysis was carried out using IRAMUTEQ and based on an analysis by conceptual categories. Results : The results are presented around six main ideas. The first idea highlights the escape from situations of family violence. The second idea emphasizes economic reasons. The third idea shows that sometimes, it is a family member who makes the decision to leave in response to traumatic events. The fourth idea highlights the desire for a better life in Europe, sometimes encouraged by smugglers. The fifth idea reveals that young people have experienced extortion and violence during the journey. The sixth idea shows the existence of emotional ambivalence of MNA regarding their decision to go into exile. Based on these different ideas, the proposed conceptualization, from a psycho-developmental perspective, highlights the close link between migration, personal development, and identity.