Multi-band reflective metasurface for efficient linear and circular polarization conversion

Abstract This paper introduces a novel reflective metasurface for efficient polarization conversion in the X, Ku, and K bands. Through rigorous simulations and experimental validation, high polarization conversion ratios (PCR) exceeding 90% were achieved, even at incidence angles up to $$45^\circ$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>45</mml:mn> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . Superior performance in the axial ratio (AR) and ellipticity values was demonstrated, showcasing the versatility of the designed metasurface in linear-to-linear and linear-to-circular polarization conversions. Comparative analysis against existing metasurfaces revealed the superiority of the proposed design in polarization conversion, particularly in Linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization scenarios. The experimental results closely align with simulation outcomes, with minor discrepancies attributed to fabrication imperfections and antenna misalignments. This study advances metasurface-based polarization converters, offering promising applications in wireless communication, radar systems, quantum optics, and sensing technologies.