Glaciers in the Russian Mountains (Caucasus, Altai, Kamchatka) in the First Quarter of the 21st Century

A steady reduction in glacier areas was observed since the beginning of the 20th century in the Caucasus and Altai with an acceleration in the rate of reduction at the beginning of the 21st century. In Kamchatka, in areas remote from active volcanoes, a reduction in glacier area was also observed, but in volcanic areas, glaciers increased in size or remained stationary due to the armoring of the surface by a thick layer of moraine consisting of volcanic material.