Evaluation of spiral-shaped photonic crystal fiber’s performance in nonlinear optical applications

Abstract A spiral-shaped photonic crystal fiber (SS-PCF) is described in this research report. Here, by using finer mesh, and finite element method (FEM), the fundamental properties of optical transmission, such as nonlinearity ( $$\:\gamma\:$$ ), birefringence (Br), beat length ( $$\:{L}_{b}$$ ), confinement loss ( $$\:{L}_{c}$$ ), numerical aperture (NA), effective mode area ( $$\:{A}_{eff}$$ ) are derived for wavelength range from 0.1 $$\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}$$ to 1.5 $$\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}.$$ Separately employed as core materials, Gallium phosphide (GaP), Graphene, and tellurite exhibit greater performance than that of earlier works. Graphene provides the extremely high nonlinearity of 6.13 × $$\:{10}^{12}$$ W − 1 km − 1 , GaP of 3.70 × $$\:{10}^{6}$$ W − 1 km − 1 and tellurite of 3.28 × $$\:{10}^{5}$$ W − 1 km − 1 at 0.1 $$\:\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}$$ . To the best of our knowledge, an SS-PCF is the first to test the performance of numerous ceramic objects in optical nonlinear applications. In actuality, the structure’s evanescent fields aid in the modeling process and display a performance profile with an ultra-high Br of 0.33, an exceptionally high NA of 0.86, and an extremely low $$\:{L}_{c}$$ of 1.0 × $$\:{10}^{-5}$$ dBm − 1 . All these results might be crucial in biological imaging, sensing, supercontinuum applications, polarization maintenance, optical parameter amplification, and additional nonlinear applications.