A Systematic Literature Review of Multimedia Technology-Based Interventions for Self-Management in T1D Children

Diabetes self-management (DSM) is crucial for children with diabetes, especially those aged 3–7 years. With the increasing number of children with diabetes and the trend toward younger children, there is growing interest in multimedia technology-based interventions (MTBIs) to help them achieve DSM. However, T1D children face unique challenges in DSM due to their need to complete seven target behaviors: learning diabetes basics, monitoring blood glucose levels, adhering to insulin therapy, problem-solving, dietary modifications, physical activity, and psychological aspects. Over the past 20 years, MTBIs have become powerful tools to support DSM, using interactive content, digital platforms, mobile apps, and virtual coaching. This systematic literature review aims to analyze the classification and trends in MTBIs' use in self-management for T1D children, explore key challenges, and suggest future directions for advancing these technologies. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the application of multimedia technologies for interventions in self-management for T1D children and offers research foundation and practical guidance for the later application of multimedia technologies in this area.