Constraints on Baryon Density from the Effective Optical Depth of High-redshift Quasars

Abstract We present constraints on the baryonic matter density parameter, Ω b , within the framework of the ΛCDM model. Our analysis utilizes observational data on the effective optical depth from high-redshift quasars. To parameterize the photoionization rate Γ −12 , we employ a Bézier polynomial. Additionally, we approximate the Hubble parameter at high redshifts as <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>100</mml:mn> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Ω</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> km s −1 Mpc −1 . Confidence regions are obtained with h = 0.701 ± 0.013 and Ω m = 0.315, optimized by the Planck mission. The best-fit values are <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Ω</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.006</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.005</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Ω</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.006</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.004</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , corresponding to an old data set and a new data set, respectively. We test the non-parametric form of Γ −12 , obtaining <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Ω</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.003</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> . These results are consistent with the findings of Planck at the 1 σ confidence level. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of quasar data sets in constraining Ω b , eliminating the need for independent photoionization rate data. This approach provides detailed cosmic information about baryon density and the photoionization history of the intergalactic medium.

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-02-01
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https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/adb139
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Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
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article

Constraints on Baryon Density from the Effective Optical Depth of High-redshift Quasars

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
article

Constraints on Baryon Density from the Effective Optical Depth of High-redshift Quasars

article en

Abstract

Abstract We present constraints on the baryonic matter density parameter, Ω b , within the framework of the ΛCDM model. Our analysis utilizes observational data on the effective optical depth from high-redshift quasars. To parameterize the photoionization rate Γ −12 , we employ a Bézier polynomial. Additionally, we approximate the Hubble parameter at high redshifts as <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>100</mml:mn> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Ω</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> km s −1 Mpc −1 . Confidence regions are obtained with h = 0.701 ± 0.013 and Ω m = 0.315, optimized by the Planck mission. The best-fit values are <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Ω</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.006</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.005</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Ω</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.006</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.004</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , corresponding to an old data set and a new data set, respectively. We test the non-parametric form of Γ −12 , obtaining <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>Ω</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.003</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> . These results are consistent with the findings of Planck at the 1 σ confidence level. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of quasar data sets in constraining Ω b , eliminating the need for independent photoionization rate data. This approach provides detailed cosmic information about baryon density and the photoionization history of the intergalactic medium.

Research in Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 25(2)
Beijing Normal University (CN), Beijing Planetarium (CN), Qilu Normal University (CN), Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 98%
Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
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