Development of an extraction procedure to control rutin content from Azadirachta indica leaf extract for diabetes treatment

Azadirachta indica, a widely planted plant in southern Vietnam, is used in traditional medicine for its anti-cancer, antibacterial, and diabetes-fighting properties. However, there are few studies on using rutin as a marker in A. indica. This study aimed to evaluate the alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of the extract for diabetes treatment. The extract was optimized using ultrasound-assisted extraction and quantified using HPLC/PDA. The HPLC/DAD method was developed to determine rutin in A. indica leaf using a Phenomenex C18 column. The extraction efficiency was evaluated by the peak area of rutin in the extract sample. The methanol extract was selected as the extraction solvent due to its strong alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity. The optimal extraction process involved methanol extraction with a volume of 30 mL, an ultrasound time of 30 minutes, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, and extraction three times. The rutin content in the extract was 5.53 mg/g.