Decentralised adaptive-gain control for eliminating epidemic spreading on networks

This paper considers the classical Susceptible–Infected–Susceptible (SIS) network epidemic model, which describes a disease spreading through n nodes, with the network links governing the possible transmission pathways of the disease between nodes. We consider feedback control to eliminate the disease, focusing especially on scenarios where the disease would otherwise persist in an uncontrolled network. We propose a family of decentralised adaptive-gain control algorithms, in which each node has a control gain that adaptively evolves according to a differential equation, independent of the gains of other nodes. The adaptive gain is applied multiplicatively to either decrease the infection rate or increase the recovery rate. To begin, we assume all nodes are controlled with adaptive gains, and prove that both infection rate control and recovery rate control algorithms eliminate the disease with positive finite limiting gains. Then, we consider the possibility of controlling a subset of the nodes, for both the infection rate control and recovery rate control. We first identify a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a subset of nodes, which if controlled would result in the elimination of the disease. For a given network, there may exist several such viable subsets, and we propose an iterative algorithm to identify such a subset. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.