GUT MICROBIOTA IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES

The human gastrointestinal microbiota, an intricate consortium of microorganisms, profoundly impacts numerous facets of health, encompassing digestion, metabolic processes, immune functionality, and even psychological well-being. These microbial entities facilitate the degradation of food substances, biosynthesize vital nutrients, and modulate immunological reactions.Ashift in the gut microbiome linked to several clinical conditions such as Dysbiosis including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, hyperglycaemia, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and certain malignancies. Furthermore, burgeoning research has elucidated the association between intestinal bacteria and psychological well-being via the gut-brain axis, impacting emotional states, stress reactivity, and disorders such as anxiety and depression. Nutritional determinants, particularly a diet rich in fiber and derived from plant sources, can foster robust microbiota, whereas suboptimal dietary practices may lead to dysbiosis. Interventional approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiome implants are currently being investigated as viable therapeutic modalities aimed at reinstating microbial equilibrium and enhancing health outcomes.