Historical conflicts of the Caucasus: The impact of political borders on societies

The Caucasus region, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has long been a focal point of geopolitical, cultural, and ethnic complexities. This paper explores the historical conflicts in the Caucasus, with an emphasis on the impact of political borders on societies. Divided into three chapters, the study examines the region's historical and ethnic diversity, the influence of border policies during imperial and Soviet periods, and the enduring effects of conflicts on modern societies. By analyzing case studies such as the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the Abkhazia and South Ossetia disputes, and the role of external powers like Russia, Turkey, and Iran, the paper sheds light on the historical roots of ongoing tensions. The study concludes with an evaluation of contemporary challenges and potential solutions, including international mediation efforts and regional cooperation initiatives. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between political borders and societal fragmentation in the Caucasus.