General rogue wave solutions to the Sasa–Satsuma equation

Abstract General rogue wave solutions to the Sasa–Satsuma (SS) equation are constructed by the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili reduction method. These solutions are presented in terms of Schur polynomials, utilizing a new approach that incorporates a kernel of $2\times 2$ matrix in the Gram-type determinant solutions of the bilinear equations within the KP hierarchy. In addition, rogue wave patterns are graphically illustrated, revealing that the rogue wave patterns of the SS equation are structurally similar to those of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for rogue waves up to fifth-order.